Business proposal “Airasia” Essay Essay Example

Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay Example Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay The company selected for this concern proposal is AirAsia Berhad ( afterlife referred as AirAsia ) and both the concern and fiscal public presentation of AirAsia would be analysed from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2011. â€Å"The company was incorporated in 2001. as a private limited liability company both incorporated and domiciled in Malaysia. AirAsia was converted into a public limited liability company on 8th June 2004 and became listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad on 22 November 2004. The chief activity of AirAsia is supplying Air Transportation Services† . The vision of AirAsia has been â€Å"to be the largest low cost air hose in Asia and functioning the 3 billion people who are presently underserved with hapless connectivity and high fares† . AirAsia’s mission is to make a globally recognized trade name in the ASEAN ( Association of Southeast Asian Nations ) and sustain profitableness growing with the highest quality services and technological promotions. The doctrine of AirAsia is to do winging possible for everyone. Since 2001. AirAsia had fleetly broken travel norms across the Earth. where it is a taking low-cost bearer that does non necessitate farther debut in ASEAN. With the tagline â€Å"Now everyone can fly† . AirAsia ferried 135 million invitees as at 31 December 2011. Furthermore during the past decennary AirAsia established successful ventures with Thai AirAsia. Indonesia AirAsia. AirAsia Philippines. AirAsia Japan and AirAsia X ( chiefly focused on long-haul section ) . leting AirAsia to take low-priced winging to a farther degree with a path web that spans over 20 states. Reasons for making this concern proposal Prior cognition The chief ground for choosing this subject is to use anterior cognition obtained from the concern and fiscal faculties antecedently covered in the ACCA course of study. Furthermore. fiscal analysis is important in construing consequences disclosed in the fiscal statements. Availability of information Besides handiness of one-year studies and other concern beginnings provided me with equal information to analyze the public presentation of AirAsia that farther encouraged in taking this subject. The one-year studies were readily available from the company web site and no clip was wasted on extraction of it. Reasons for taking AirAsiaExtensive growing of AirAsiaIn January 2002. AirAsia had merely two aeroplanes that had been winging to six finishs within Malaysia. During the past decennary AirAsia had significantly expanded to wing over 80 finishs with a fleet of 97 aircrafts as at 31 December 2011. Hence I was motivated to happen out how AirAsia managed to accomplish successful growing and a healthy underside line. Famous in South East Asia ( SEA ) AirAsia is one of the largest and most popular low cost air hoses in SEA. which had facilitated going at low-cost monetary values ; which is the chief ground behind riders preferring AirAsia for both domestic and international flights. Furthermore the finishs flown by AirAsia screens more hubs compared to other air hoses and riders are presented with bundled travel bundle options. which include air ticket. hotel adjustment. travel services. In add-on. AirAsia was chosen as the â€Å"World’s Best Low-Cost Airline† awarded by Skytrax World Airline for four back-to-back old ages ( from twelvemonth 2009 to 2012 ) . Furthermore. in the twelvemonth 2009 and 2011. AirAsia was awarded with â€Å"Best Asiatic Low-Cost Carrier† award by TTG Travel Awards. Undertaking aims and research questionsProject objectives To analyze and measure the fiscal public presentation of AirAsia over a 3 twelvemonth period by comparing its public presentation against Tiger Airways Holdings Li mited utilizing relevant fiscal ratios. To analyze and measure the concern public presentation of AirAsia over a 3 twelvemonth period utilizing the staying three positions of the Balance Scorecard technique To measure. with grounds whether AirAsia is a worthwhile investing chance Research questionsHow did AirAsia financially perform in comparing with its rival Tiger Airways? How does AirAsia’s fiscal public presentation impact on its stockholders? How was AirAsia’s concern public presentation within the 3 old ages? How does AirAsia manage to prolong its ‘no-frills’ scheme and place amidst the increasing competition? Beginnings of informationPrimary informations sourcesPrimary informations refers to new informations collected by a research worker associating to the issues of the survey. The methods used to roll up primary informations involve questionnaires. observations. studies and interviews. The research worker who collects the information is referred as primary user ( s ) . Primary informations would non be used in this undertaking as it is clip devouring to roll up such informations and several information is readily available. Therefore information available from secondary beginnings will be used to run into the undertaking aims and research inquiries defined earlier. Secondary informations sourcesSecondary informations r efers to informations gathered by person else and already used for their ( primary users’ ) intent. The individual set abouting the research is referred as the secondary user. who would set about desk or library research for the said undertaking. The chief beginnings of secondary informations used for undertaking are: TextbooksTextbooks were used as the chief beginning of information as they were complied by people who have vast cognition in the capable country and be given to be more dependable and accurate compared to other beginnings. The chief types of text editions referred in this undertaking for fiscal analysis are ACCA BPP survey stuffs and academic mention books such as â€Å"Accounting Principles† by Weygandt. Kimmel and Kieso and â€Å"Financial and managerial accounting† by Horngren. Harrison and Oliver. To analyze the company’s concern public presentation. â€Å"Alignment: utilizing the balanced scorecard to make corporation synergies† by Kaplan. Roberts and Norton had been referred to. Electronic beginnings E-sources were used due to convenience and effectiveness. The chief e-source used was AirAsia’s web site to abstract the one-year studies and all information sing the company. Additionally. Internet had been used for farther reading to heighten academic cognition and obtain relevant newspaper articles and other information about the company.

Building Sustainable Organizations Analysis

The report discusses the HRM practices in an organization through the case study of a   hospital which is located in Australia with around 400 staff members. The hospital has its unit across the Australia. The case study discusses ineffective HR practices operating in the hospital administration which have contributed to high attrition, grievances, absenteeism and shortage of staff in the organization. The hospital has been reported to have some serious accidents involving patients and staff members. The case then discussed a contrasting view of another hospital that is effectively implementing HRM practices in its administration through employee engagement activities, HR policies, job analysis and recruitment and selection. The hospital has been reported to have great patient services because of its sustainable management practices and policies. The first hospital discussed in the case reflects ineffective HRM practices which have degraded the quality of patient services and have even led to some serious patient accidents. The hospital only has one payroll department which takes care of the salary of the employees and one HR consultant who conducts weekly visits to the hospital. All the responsibilities of an HR manager have been laid down on the middle managers which has overburdened them. The CEO of the hospital has been overlooking the consequences of this activity of overburdening middle managers. This has resulted in work conflicts, staff turnover and absenteeism. The overall quality of the services of the hospital has also degraded. The hospital lacks an effective munication model, which is taken care by an HR manager. Effective munication is required for assigning roles and responsibilities, boosting employee confidence and evaluating performance of the employee. An effective munication holds an organization together through effective policies, employee handbook, meetings and conferences, performance evaluation, employee engagement etc. munication helps to transfer the information from one department to other and thus maintains the flow of information through mails, telephones, meetings, documents, employee record etc (Fielding, 2006). It is the role of an HR to maintain an effective munication in an organization which is not present in the hospital. Employment r elations are also not being properly managed ineffective HR policies. Employment relations are required to hold the employees and have good staff retention in the hospital through developing relation between employee and the hospital through benefits and pensation, appraisal system etc (Gardner & Palmer, 1997). The employee gets frustrated and demotivated due to work conflicts and situation based problems. They need to be motivated by an HR manager through meetings and other activities. The managers are not even aware that these assigned responsibilities are not even part of their job and get frustrated sometimes which creates absenteeism and staff turnover. This overall impacts employee petence through work conflicts and absenteeism which indirectly affects the quality of the services of hospital and leads to disappoint patient. This spoils the image of the hospital and affects the long terms goals and objectives of the organization. A sustainable HRM model is required to improve the quality of the services of the hospital (Wolper, 2004). The CEO of the hospital needs to review the performance of the hospital in order to build a sustainable business model. He needs to understand that an HR consultant is not enough while considering the long term goals and objectives of the organization. The patient care and safety are one of the essential ponents for a successful running hospital which are not as per the norms of a hospital. The severe accidents may increase in the future and may have disastrous consequences on the operational system of hospital. The CEO needs to develop a sustainable HRM model in order to achieve the long term goals and objectives of the hospital (Wolper, 2004). CEO would have to create an effective HR department and ensure proper implementation of the HR policies and practices. He could have a look at the HRM model of other successfully running hospital as mentioned in the case study. The hospital has a proper HR department which has led to quality services to the hospital through its staff retention and employee engagement. Thus, CEO should plan to develop an HRM model in the hospital by considering the following roles and responsibilities of an HR department and should hire an HR manager who could assist him in other recruits for the department. The HR manager is responsible for hiring the suitable employees as per the needs and requirement of the job profile in the organization. Employees are recruited through different channels such as newspaper ads, online ads, networking, telephone etc. It is the responsibility of an HR to use the right channel for selection (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith, 1992). When a new employee gets hired and joins the organization, he needs to be well versed about the organization and his duties and job role. The HR manager guides and instructs the employee through an induction and training program regarding what he would be expected to do through employee handbook, job description, pany policy manual and training and mentoring. He also checks all the required documents of the employee such as id proof, degrees etc (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith, 1992). It is the duty of an HR manager to ensure that hospital plies with the rules and regulations of the government through his legal research expertise on hospital. The hospital must abide by the laws as prescribed by the government which may include recruitment contracts with the medical practitioners. Then there are employee contracts which should be very well documented (Brinkerhoff & Goldsmith, 1992). It is the duty of an HR to control and monitor the performance of an employee through employee engagement, resolving work conflict, handling grievances, appraisal system etc. The employee performance is responsible for quality of the services of a hospital. An HR boosts the confidence of employees through different activities and ensures smooth operational activities in an organization (Wolper, 2004). An HR manager is also involved in core team of a hospital and helps in building strategies in alignment with the goals and objectives of the organization. An HR manager acts as an intermediate between the employees and the hospital and thus, helps to resolve employee issues and concerns through proper planning and devising solution (Evans, 1990). Training and development is a very crucial element to develop a sustainable business model in hospital industry. It ensures quality services and equipping the staff with latest technology and practices in the market. It is the duty of an HR to conduct regular training in the hospital such as handling patient effectively, being polite to the patient etc. Thus way training improves the quality standard of a hospital (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). HR is responsible for running operations of a hospital smoothly and effective administration is the core element of HRM in hospital. The responsibilities may vary from hospital to hospital (Fried, Fottler & Johnson, 2005). Studying the above roles and responsibilities, it can be evaluated that an HR plays a very important role in effective delivery of services and ensuring quality patient care. Further, the report would discuss the ways to develop a sustainable HRM model in a hospital and its consequences. A sustainable HRM model consists of six elements which would be discussed one by one below: HR Management Systems: It ensures that the operational activities are being maintained in an organization through integration of data, staffing and placement and employee support system. The data is helpful is evaluating the performance of the employees and provides employee feedback and coaching and mentoring to the employees if required. This would improve overall work productivity of the hospital through an effective appraisal system and policies and measures (Evans, 1990). Leadership: Employees look for continuous guidance and instructions from their superiors to make sure that their work is in alignment with the goals and objectives of the hospital. HR manager would make sure that the employees are fully aware of their job profile and expected results through intensive planning and organizing. Their involvement in the decision making process ensures that the hospital’s planning, budgeting and organizing considers the issues and concerns raised by the employees. Thus, an HR ensures that there is continuous involvement of stakeholders in the decision making process (Evans, 1990). Partnership: A hospital must ensure that there is proper planning, organizing and optimum utilization of the resources. Partnership is a way to hold the stakeholders and direct them towards a mon goal and objective of the organization (Evans, 1990). Finance: Employees need motivation in order to increase their work productivity which can be ensured through timely incentives and a properly defined salary structure for an employee. The salary package of an employee must be defined in advance so that he is aware about his benefits which may include education, medical, allowances etc (Evans, 1990). Education: Employees look for their career advancement and growth in an organization. Education would motivate them and would also help to increase the work productivity of a hospital (Evans, 1990). Policy: An organization must have effective policies to ensure discipline in the system. An employee must abide by the rules and regulations of an organization so as to align with the goals and objectives of the hospital (Evans, 1990). Thus, a sustainable framework can be ensured through following approaches: A sustainable HRM model would involve four steps which are as follows: Purpose: The purpose is analyse the current situation which can be done through various methods such as taking feedback from the stakeholders, reviewing the records and documents etc. In the case study, CEO must identify the key stakeholders first and then analyse the plete situation through the inputs received from the stakeholders (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). The process can be carried out through a meeting with the key stakeholders, reviewing the existing HR documents which can be collected from HR consultant and payroll manager. This would help in identifying the root cause of the problem (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Purpose: Once the inputs have been received from the previous step, this step would define the actions required to be taken. This would be carried out through prioritizing the actions which are necessary in the current scenario. The planning would involve cost calculation for the implementation of those actions and the consequences the actions would have on the hospital (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Purpose: The most critical part of building HRM model is the execution of the planned layout and most of the organizations fail at the execution level. Thus, a leader must ensure that the roles and responsibilities are properly allocated to the respective departments and employees so as to ensure that an effective implementation is being carried out (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Thus, the phase would involve planning the execution though funding, allocating the responsibilities and budget planning for the action plan. Purpose: It is very important to measure the success of plan that has been executed and evaluate the process of implementation. Monitoring and controlling helps to determine the milestone achieved and helps in future planning (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). The process involves analyzing the key stakeholders who would decide the factors for monitoring and evaluating the execution. The roles and responsibilities of the employees must be clearly defined (Savage, Fottler & Khatri, 2010). Developing a sustainable business model for any organization is a challenging task and requires the contribution of all the stakeholders of an organization. But, once the framework is being developed, it would have great results in terms of employee mitment and improve the service quality of the hospital. Effective munication: munication helps in constant flow of information in an organization. An effective munication is required in an organization to keep the employees updated regarding their roles and responsibilities. The HR manager would ensure an effective munication in the organization (Zelles, 2012). Performance Management: Performance management must be evaluated on a regular basis in an organization. Effective HR policies would help to evaluate the performance of an employee (Niles, 2012). Employment Relations: An organization must ensure that the employees are satisfied with their job role to maintain employment relations. An HR manager acts as an intermediate between the organization and the employee to build trust and loyalty among the employees which helps to increase the work productivity (Zelles, 2012). Thus, a sustainable HRM Model is crucial for an organization to ensure employee mitment and quality services. The r mendations for the CEO of the hospital are as follows: The report has analyzed the case study and the measures required to be taken in order to devise a solution for the same. The discussion has involved the steps that CEO needs to consider to build a sustainable HRM Model for his hospital to improve the quality of the services. Most importantly, a sustainable model requires a great leader, HR management systems, effective HR policies and involvement of key stakeholders in the decision making process. Gardner, M & Palmer, G. (1997). Employment Relations:  Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management in Australia. Melbourne: Macmillan Education AU. Dressler, S. (2004). Strategy, Organization and Performance Management:  From Basics to Best Practices. Sydney: Universal-Publishers. Colbert, B.A. &Kurucz E.C. (2007).Three Conceptions of Triple Bottom Line Business Sustainability and the Role for HRM.Pro-Quest, 30(1), 21-29. Brinkerhoff, D.W. & Goldsmith, A.A. (March 1992). Promoting the sustainability of development institutions: A framework for strategy.World Development, 20(3), 369-383. Hahn, T., Pinkse, J., Preuss, L. (March 2015). Tensions in Corporate Sustainability: Towards an Integrative Framework. Journal of Business Ethics. 127(2), 297-316. Savage, G.T., Fottler, M.D. and Khatri, N. (27 July 2010). Strategic Human Resource Management in Health Care. UK: Emerald Group Publishing. Fried, B., Fottler, M.D. and Johnson, J.A. (2005).Human Resources in Healthcare:  Managing for Success. US: Health Administration Press. Evans, D.W. (1990). People, munication and Organisations. London: Pitman. Anthony, R.J. (2009). Organizations, People & Effective munication:  Most Good and Bad Consequences e Down to People and munication. US: UNIV READERS Holbeche, L & Matthews, G. (2012). Engaged:  Unleashing Your Organization's Potential Through Employee Engagement. US: Wiley. Zelles, R. (2012). Methodologies to measure and define Employee Engagement. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Bridger, E. (2014). Employee Engagement. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Macev, W.H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K.M., & Young, S.A. (2011). Employee Engagement:  Tools for Analysis, Practice, and petitive Advantage. London: John Wiley & Sons. Flynn, W.J., Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H., & Valentine,S.R. (2015). Healthcare Human Resource Management. US: Cengage Learning. Wolper, L.F. (2004). Health Care Administration:  Planning, Implementing, and Managing Organized Delivery Systems. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Nick, G., Reinhold, G., & Valerie, I. (2005). Managing Health Services. UK: McGraw-Hill Education. Niles, N.J. (2012). Basic Concepts of Health Care Human Resource Management. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Commercial Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Commercial Work - Essay Example As contracting can be seen to take place not only concerning allocation or the provision of goods and services. Reorganization or income maintenance programmes might be selected 'contracts' between politicians on the one hand and the populace on the other hand. One could make a peculiarity between true contracts and symbolic contracts here, as talking about some things as 'contracts' is simply using a metaphor. Contracts as fiction are characteristically indefinite, as it is far from clear that the contracting parties are, when the contract was in fact made and how it is being observed or monitored. Fictional contracts cannot be implemented by a third party. Classification of procurement is so diverse from the world of the models, and their consequent implications, used by economists in learning procurement contracting that two conclusions seem acceptable. The first is that there is substantial opportunity for optimal contract theory to contribute to better efficiency in defense procurement. The second is that the authenticities of defense procurement have significant implications for how economists must study contracting incentives and competence in defense procurement. Procurement comprises a wide variety of goods ranging from standard items such as uniforms and ammunition to major weapons systems whose acquisition might take ten to fifteen years to complete. Procurement of standard items is acquiescent to competitive bidding and fixed-price contracts, but competition and fixed-price contracts are less, and negotiated contracts more, proper for major weapons systems that are composite, involve yet-to-be-developed technologies, and have performance objectives that might be unattainable or impossible at reasonable cost. Particularly in the case of systems that entail research and development, the capability to anticipate future technological developments is limited, and even if the possibilities can be recognized, it may be impractical to offer contractual contingencies for all potential events. Understanding procurement process The complications of major weapons systems acquisition are replicated in the procurement process which comprises a series of stages commencing with defense preparedness planning, program outset, initial research and development, source selection, system development, production, and follow-ons (e.g., spares). The production and follow-on phases are the most acquiescent to economic modeling and analysis, but numerous of the determinants of program cost and weapons system performance have already been mostly decided by the time a production contract is negotiated. The subject of economic analysis thus must be on the larger procurement proces

What are the effects on developing countries of integration into the Essay

What are the effects on developing countries of integration into the global economy - Essay Example However, there are many challenges experienced with the global integration of the economy. The developing countries are the most affected because of the competition, unequal economic strength, and level of developments. Their level of growth is not same as the first world nations making third world nations lag behind in terms of infrastructure provisions among other things. Hence, developing nations experience stiff competition from the developed nations that has sophisticated equipment and tools of the trade to leverage them. Moreover, the integration of the developing nations into the world economy creates imbalance owing to the nature of industrialization in the first and third world countries. Therefore, developing countries are harmed by the integration of the global economy because they have very little to offer on the global market compared to the developed nations. The rest of the paper will examine the effects of integrating developing countries into the global economy. The integration of third world nations into the global economy has facilitated the flow of capital from the developed or middle economic nations to the developing world countries (CEPAL 2). Today, many third world nations have developed economic trade ties with major drivers of world economies that have seen the flow of capital. Before the integration, developing countries had no option of getting circulating funds because of their insignificance in terms of contribution and share in the global economy (CEPAL 3). Similarly, many developing nations are receiving cash flow in terms of grants, soft loan, and donation, which help in steering development projects. Different oversea agencies such World Bank among others assist the developing nations in overcoming their financial challenges as well as initiating development projects. However, the increased capital flow does not only contribute to

The Role of the Friar in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

The Friar directly and indirectly took part in suicide, murder, and other tragic happenings. The Friar is an honored man, who sells herbs and medicines to the people of Verona. He is a type of ancient pharmacist, who has potions for both causes of good and evil. There are three specific instances of the Friar playing a major role in Romeo and Juliet: the impossible marriage of Romeo and Juliet, Juliet's "death" plan, and Romeo's death. Without the Friar many crucial and tragic events would not have happened in Romeo and Juliet. The forbidden wedding of Romeo and Juliet could not have happened without the Friar. First of all, the Friar impulsively agreed to marry Romeo and Juliet, even though he knows it will cause later problems. In the beginning, the Friar thinks that "...this alliance may so happy prove; To turn your households' rancor to pure love." (II iv 91-92) Which shows that the Friar has a slight hope of their marriage possibly working. Consequently, at first, he shows no reluctance to marry the two controversial lovers. However, as time moves on, the Friar lets on that he has regrets about the marriage. The Friar feels that "Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow." (II vi 15) In other words, the Friar means that he senses that this whole wedding is happening too fast and he radiates a feeling of second thought. If the Friar had thought this crucial decision through he may have prevented many future tragedies. Accordingly, the Friar knows all along that "These violent delights have violent ends" (I I vi 9) The Friar knows that this is an impossible situation, which if made possible by himself will without a doubt end up in tragedy in one way or another. Under these conditions, as the Friar predicts, Romeo sinks into a deep depression, as a result of the fact that he cannot see his wife. Romeo has a one-track mind that is focused on something he cannot have. Similarly, Juliet becomes depressed and is grieving over the reality of her and Romeo's separation. Without the Friar the two lovers would not have been married, which would have prevented both of these depressions and future problems to come. The Friar is responsible for many problems which have a snowball effect after he assists Juliet with her "death" plan. When Romeo and Juliet are at their lowest point of depression, and Juliet is expected to marry Paris, she needs an escape plan.

Constitution Timeline Essay

Our founding Fathers had a vision in mind when writing the Constitution to ensure all citizens of the United States were treated equally and fairly. The Constitution was also to place rules and guidelines in place so that not one person or government politician would have full control. It was to be a country for the citizens’ where they have a voice in what takes place and in the way it is managed. There were many items that influenced the Constitution and had a significance that contributed to it. I’ll start with the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta was an English Charter that was issued in 1215. Its purpose was to limit government authority. It is considered one of the most important documents in the establishment of democracy; its influence is clearly seen in the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights. (GCU, 2012) The Magna Carta also represented several ideas, one in which is the significant innocent until proven guilty. Others include; right of individuals to know the charges filed against them, right to judgment by peers before imprisonment, and right to be represented by an attorney. The Magna Carta is evident in the Constitution by the limiting of government authority. It was the founding Fathers purpose to not let any one person or political group have complete control. But, to include the citizens in the say of how things worked and were ran. Second, is the Mayflower Compact which was issued in 1620. It was the first governing document that was passed because settlers agreed to abide by the rules of the government. It consisted of two essential elements; it reveals the promise that America, as it develops, is to be built upon Christian principles and a government of law, not men. It enjoins upon the government to enact constitutionally equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most just and convenient for the general good of the people. (Digest, 1951) The Mayflower Compact came about by the settlers coming over on the Mayflower, when they realized that the earlier settlers had failed when it came to guiding their developments. The settlers wanted to be successful in their developments and be fair to everyone; by treating everyone equally. Its contribution to the Constitution is the Christian faith and the equality of all people. Without this, we may be treated differently by the amount of money we make or even because of our race. This ensured everyone the same opportunities in our country and rules to live by. Third, is the Declaration of Independence. It was passed in 1776 adapting resolutions of endorsing independence. It all started from the French and Indian War, the British Parliament wanted the colonists to pay for the war. The colonists however believed that they should not have to pay taxes in which they did not believe in. The colonists wanted to voice their concerns but were denied by the British Parliament. From this, came the revolutionary cry No Taxation without Representation. This is when a committee of 5 was formed and the Declaration was formed. It declared all colonies free from the British Parliament and declared all colonies to be free and independent states. The most radical idea advanced by the American Revolutionaries was the proposition set forth in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain Unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† (Mintz, 2012) Its contribution to the Constitution is the free and independent states along with the separation from British Parliament. Without this, we probably would not have our 50 different states. We would more than likely still be running and operating with the British Parliament as one big nation. This allowed colonists to be individualized, independent, and free to set their own government rules and regulations. Fourth, is the Articles of Confederation. It was signed in 1777 and was the first governing document of the newly formed nation. This turned the colonies into a confederation. The articles explained individual states rights; defined the rights of the central government; and declared the Articles could only be changed with ratification of all state legislatures. (GCU, 2012) It also specifies how the national government is to operate. Under the Articles the states were more powerful than the central government, which consisted only of a Congress. Each state had one vote in Congress, with that vote determined by a delegation of from two to seven representatives. Though the Congress had the authority to regulate foreign affairs, wage war, and maintain the postal system, it had no power to levy and collect taxes or regulate interstate commerce. (West 2005) The contribution to the Constitution is defining the rules and regulations of the government. Without rules and regulations, many states would have been run not equal or even without any rules. This would cause many states to be a mess and not have regulation. These articles played a huge part in how our government runs today by giving different members of Congress votes and not having a certain group where they can run everything. Last, is the Federalist Papers. These were papers written between 1787 and 1788 arguing for the ratification of the Constitution that was published in newspapers. There were approximately 85 papers written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. All three of the authors drew from their extensive experience in national politics and the military and diplomatic struggle for independence. Their purpose was to clarify and explain the provisions of the Constitution, expounding its benefits over the existing system of government under the articles of confederation. (West, 2005) There were 3 influential articles that included: strong republic and addresses how to guard against factions, establishes separation of powers and introduces the idea of checks and balances, and expressed opposition to what eventually became the Bill of Rights. The contribution to the Constitution is probably the most influential from these papers. All of them were influential and resulted in the 9th and 10th amendments to the Constitution. There were many factors that played a major role in the development of our nations Constitution. These listed above were only a few but many were the most influential. I personally am thankful to live in a country that has rules and guidelines and allows us as citizens to be a part of the voting process. It is our right to vote and have a say in how we think our money should spent or how things are ran in our state. Regardless of which law passes or fails, we are all treated equally in the eyes of the law and are all here because our founding Fathers took the time out to create a document that laid out guidelines for us and many generations to come to live by. In the words of Washington, â€Å"Let us Raise to the standard to which the wise and honest can repair; the rest is in the hands of God.† (Digest, 1951) REFERENCES Grand Canyon University. (2012). Retrieved November 29, 2012, from POS 301 Lecture 1 Notes: www.gcu.edu THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. (1951). Congressional Digest, 30(6/7), 171-172. Mintz, D. S. (2012). Digital History. Retrieved November 29, 2012 , from Declaration of Independence: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=149 â€Å"Articles of Confederation.† West’s Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437704858.html â€Å"Federalist Papers.† West’s Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437701784.html

Traditional Public Schools - 1546 Words

Table 1 presents weighted averages that indicate the conditions at a charter or traditional public school (including traditional public schools and magnet schools) attended by the average white, black, Hispanic, LEP and IDEA students in the state of California. For example, the seventh and eighth columns (number of AP courses) indicate that the average white student enrolled in a charter school attends a school with 8.5 AP courses, while the average white student enrolled in a traditional public school attends a school offering 15.6 AP courses. Binary variables such as GT, AP, and IB indicate whether or not a school offers these types of programs; therefore, the weighted averages tell us what percentage of students attend a school with a†¦show more content†¦Therefore, even though all subgroups of students in traditional public schools have roughly the same likelihood of attending a school that offers AP courses (over 95%), some subgroups may be more represented than others in AP classrooms, which I explore below. Third, the data show that in California, Hispanic and black students a attend schools with more LEP students than do white students. This is true in traditional public schools (the average Hispanic student’s school enrolls 283 LEP students and the average black student’s school enrolls 194, compared to 109 in the average white student’s school) and in charter schools (178 and 127 LEP students in the average Hispanic and black student’s school, respectively, compared to 86 in the average white student’s school). Furthermore, there tend to be fewer LEP students in charter schools than in traditional public schools. Interestingly enough, a black (126.5) or Hispanic (177.9) student at a charter school is more likely to attend a school with more LEP students than a white student at a traditional public school (109.3). Similarly, there is generally less exposure to students classified under IDEA in charter schools , although racial differences in exposure to IDEA peers are smaller than differences in exposure to LEP. Additionally, the data show that LEP students are exposed to other LEPShow MoreRelatedCharter Schools Vs Traditional Public Schools948 Words   |  4 Pages Charter Schools vs Traditional Public Schools Charter schools are an alternative to traditional public schools, but are often viewed as the superior option in comparison to the traditional public school route. By definition, charter schools are a publicly funded and privately ran school under the charter of an educational authority. 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